Diversity

Soil Health: Principle 4 of 5 – Maximize Plant Diversity:

Our prairie soils were built under a widely diverse plant community. This plant community consisted of grasses, sedges, nitrogen fixing legumes, wildflowers, forbs, and more, all with different root types and depths. The prairie ecosystem didn’t just provide for the bison, deer and pronghorn, it also provided for the soil fungi, bacteria, and worms. So, it seems to make sense that if we want to build healthy soils, we need to feed the soil a healthy, diverse diet.

How do we maximize plant diversity?

If you currently graze perennial pasture that has never been sod-busted, you may have many of the original prairie plants already. To keep or increase the diversity of your plant community, proper grazing management is key. Change season of use yearly, stock properly, rotate regularly.

On the crop production side, try to imitate the native plant community, which consisted of warm and cool season grasses and broadleaves. This can be done through crop rotation and the use of cover crops. Examples of common crops in each category:

• Cool season grasses: oats, spring and winter wheat, rye
• Warm season grasses: corn, millet, sorghum, sudan
• Cool season broadleaf: peas, lentils, flax, canola
• Warm season broadleaf: soybean, sunflower, cowpea

If one or two of these crop types doesn’t fit into your operation, consider planting a cover crop mix with that crop type in the mix. By having all four categories in your rotation, you can help feed a more diverse soil microbiome.

When choosing species for your cover crop mix be sure to consider your other goals beyond feeding diverse soil life. For example:

• Utilizing excess moisture
• Forage for livestock
• Weed suppression
• Building organic matter
• Reducing compaction
• Fixing nitrogen.

Registration Open for 2026 Soil Health Schools!

The Coalition will host two Soil Health Schools in 2026! The West River Soil Health School is set for June 24-25 near Caputa, SD, and the South Dakota Soil Health School is set for Sept. 15-17 near Twin Brooks and Marvin, SD. These events are designed for agricultural producers as well as anyone with an interest in learning how to manage soils for resiliency and profit. The agenda features classroom style presentations by producers and technical experts from across the state and region, as well as hands-on experiences in the field. Area producers will share their challenges and successes with various methods for improving soil health, to an average class size of 30-40. Registration is open, so check out our events page to learn more!